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Features of Product (Often customized to consumer requirements.>>> Use of Electronic Data Interchange or Internet for remote input of client details; use software to record client requirements and match to service product. Adapting to a new world. Early work using web-based product monitoring for remote product services including GM OnStar Telematics, Otis Remote Elevator Maintenance (REM), and GE Medical InSite during 1990s. This sense of service innovation is closely related to Service designand "new service development". Product and service innovation consulting services. Many do, however, express a desire to address this issue in the coming future.[11]. The following are common types of product innovation. In services however, the innovation does not necessarily relate to the novelty of the technology itself but the innovation often lies in the non-technological areas. Specific innovation financing cases or services: For example, innovation financing mechanisms such as an innovation grant or loan provision program, loan guarantees or interest rates financing, equity finance via venture capital (VC) or similar and other similar types of financing actions. This innovation occurs in the long-term. This is usually (but not always) the introduction of a technology that … Innovation in services, in service products – new or improved service products (commodities or public services). ), Features of Production (Production is often non-continuous and economies of scale are limited >>> Standardize production (e.g. Still, these companies all share something in common. This element is part of the collaboration strategy of a company. By capturing and prioritizing the outcomes customer are using to judge success, an organization gains a comprehensive understanding of customer value to guide service innovation. ), Nature of Product (Immaterial, often information-intensive; Hard to store or transport; Process and product hard to distinguish. Here are some well known examples that can be helpful with managing innovation. The measurement of this type of innovation as an “outcome” often found with product innovations can be considered insufficient, as it does not take into consideration the intangible character of service innovation and the process by which the actual service is provided in some type of collaboration with the client. It distills three decades of innovation research into an action-oriented framework, offering a comprehensive map to guide creative teams as they venture into challenging new territory. A job is a process, and any step in that process presents opportunities for service innovation. By making the job the focus of service innovation rather than the service itself, organizations can define customer value in a way that can guide improvements to current services and create entirely new services. Responding to the business impacts of COVID-19. Full video lecture available at: h… Marketing (Difficult to demonstrate products in advance.>>> Guarantees; demonstration packages (e.g. It doesn’t need to. Examples from all sectors and of all types will be included. Such innovations are often aimed at overcoming problems associated with service characteristics like the difficulty in demonstrating the service to the client, or the problems in storing and building up stocks of the service. A new service allowing a client to examine various options and calculate what they would be paying with different types of accounts. Nike developed many services around their shoes: measure calories burned and record the distance and pace of a walk or run. He coined the term in his 1993 article in the journal FUTURES, (Vol. Many of these approaches create services that are more user-focused, are better defined and better target user demand. A new IT system (technology dimension) may be used to enable customer self-service (interface dimension) as in the case of a bank contacting its customers. The European Commission and the OECD has been particularly active in seeking to generate reflection on services innovation and its policy implications. In the context of innovation, commercialization is the process of introducing a new product or service to the public market. Before seeking a solution for a service or product, it is critical to first discover the opportunities before crafting solutions. L’innovation continue consiste à améliorer un produit ou un service déjà présent sur un marché mature en optimisant ses performances ou son utilisation. 10 Types of Innovation. It utilizes your existing technology and increases value to the customer (features, design changes, etc.) Finland is an exception, where knowledge intensive business services have been a focus of much regional work (esp. What was inventive five years ago could be commonplace today. Developing a powerful innovation capability is no easy task. Often this is contrasted with “technological innovation”, though service products can certainly have technological elements. Services may be delivered electronically, as in the case of much online banking and cash withdrawals from ATMs. Information Technology. Successful innovators use many types of innovation. Many literatures on what makes for successful innovations of this kind comes from the New Service Development research field (e.g. tachometers and mobile communications for transport staff; Aim for 'flatter' organizational structures, with data from field and front-office workers directly entering databases and thence Management Information Systems. According to the Doblin’s … Once a customer decides to hire a particular service to get a job done, there are tasks that customers must accomplish as part of “consuming” that service—such as making contact with the service, communicating service needs, and paying for the service. Occasionally they even take the form of an entirely new service. Organization of Labor Process (Workforce often engaged in craft-like production with limited management control of details of work. Three Types of Innovation – Product, Process and Business Model. Innovation researchers have, for this reason, stressed that much service innovation is hard to capture in traditional categories like product or process innovation. [CM International] has recently published a European survey on services innovation and regional policy responses. Within these broad categories, there are countless ways process can improve. Structure innovations are focused on … 5. [10], At the regional level, limited information is available on how Europe’s regions are responding to the challenges presented by service innovation. It’s certainly important, but it’s always worth remembering that it is only one of the Ten Types of Innovation, and it’s often the easiest for competitors to copy. This type of innovation is when a new product, process, or service with high technological advancement has a high market impact and completely replaces an existing offering. The blog will highlight these. Service innovations typically take the form of a new way of providing a service, often with a novel and very different business model. The evolution of customer service today is greatly effected by technology. There isn’t a clearly defined … L'innovation va bien au-delà de la recherche-développement. In the following list, features of services are linked to innovation strategies by the symbol >>>. 653–672,) [8]. Service innovations can for instance be new solutions in the customer interface, new distribution methods, novel application of technology in the service process, new forms of operation with the supply chain or new ways to organize and manage services.". requiring interpersonal skills); others relatively unskilled, often involving casual or part-time labor. 1. The co-production process, and the interactions between service provider and client, can also form the focus of innovation. IMD Professor of Service Management Stefan Michel shows you how to identify service innovations—process innovations, new services, and new service-driven business models—and then embed them into your business. But many companies offer value to customers only for certain steps. Johne and Storey, 1998; Nijssen et al., 2006 ). ), Organization of Industry (Some services state-run public services; Others often small-scale with high preponderance of family firms and self-employed >>> Externalization and privatization of public services; combination of small firms using network technologies; IT-based service management systems. telephones, PCs – and user-friendly software interfaces. Service innovation – the Cinderella of innovations? interactivity of service production), the service would often not be created. >>> Add material components (e.g. Web2.0 has brought “, This page was last edited on 26 September 2020, at 17:25. 1. Such organizational innovations will often have a technological dimension, whether this be very basic (e.g. The service industry entails a vast variety of services ranging from food delivery to digital investing tools. Ten Types of Innovation captures the entire innovation ecosystem, from essential organizational structures and processes to critical aspects of the product or service being introduced. Ian Miles of the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR), The University of Manchester, is one of the scholars on the study of 'Service Innovation'. This includes valuation in relation to ecosystem services (Gunton et al. New service innovation comes from the discovery of new or related jobs that a current or new service can help the customer get done. Ce type d’innovation incrémentale se fait par palier. There is no monopoly on creative thought. Technology: almost every day it seems we hear of some exciting new technology that could enhance existing services or help create new ones. Incremental Innovation. The industrialization of services, involving efforts to standardize services, to yield service products of predictable characteristics and quality, with economies of scale and improved delivery times. For instance: An elaboration of this model to suggest six dimensions of innovation was developed in the course of work on creative sectors, by Green, Miles and Rutter. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. In contrast, without a tangible product, marketers of services are often at a loss as to how to innovate. But service innovation is more hidden .”. Social innovation I think is very significant, because it can strategically void, or to highlight other types of innovation in the market, as well as influence the diffusion of innovation in the market. 25, No. And supplementary service innovation comes from helping the customer get jobs done related to using or consuming a product. Innovative examples would be Gillette … Service Innovations. Almost all companies engage in incremental innovation in one form or another. ), Organization of Markets (Some services delivered via public sector bureaucratic provision; Some costs are invisibly bundled with goods (e.g. Although studying the job of obtaining service is unlikely to lead to new service innovation, successful service companies have differentiated themselves with a deep understanding of this job. Finding better ways to break through. How can you prepare your organization to respond? Specialist knowledge may be important, but rarely technological skills (other than Information Technology) >>> Reduce reliance on expensive and scarce skills by use of expert systems and related innovations; Relocation of key operations to areas of low labor costs (using telecommunications to maintain coordination). Additionally, a number of more general tendencies in the innovation process in services have been noted. Transformational Innovation. Service design practitioners have also extensively discussed the features of effective service products and experiences. Process is the combination of facilities, skills, and technologies used to produce, deliver, and support a product or provide a service. The Ten Types of Innovation is a methodology that is particularly useful at helping us think more broadly, let’s take a look at how it works. How the organization turns its value into profit. This often focuses on the managerially important issue of what makes for successful service innovation. Generally, services offered by organizations in the service sector are conceptualized to be similar to products introduced by organizations in the manufacturing sector (Damanpour, Walker, & Avellaneda, 2009; Miles, 2005). Product innovation is the development and launch of a product or service that improves things by 10x or more. Use telematics for ordering, reservation, and if possible – delivery. Innovation almost never fails due to a lack of creativity. This has seen TEKES – the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation – launch the SERVE initiative, designed to support ‘Finnish companies and research organisations in the development of innovative service concepts that can be reproduced or replicated and where some technology or systematic method is applied .’a Germany has also undertaken initiatives for services R&D, and Canada and Norway have programs as well. The 4Ps framework In the book The Figure 1.2 clearly positions the various innovations on the map, but at the same time to clarify the discrepancy identified in the Process, Product and service innovations States. This co-production, together with the intangibility of many service products, causes service innovation to often take forms rather different from those familiar through studies of innovation in manufacturing. The role of organizational innovations in services is very apparent – developments such as supermarkets and other self-service facilities are significant in the development of modern service industries. Pizza-Stabilizing Devices. This study focuses on consequences of adoption of three types of innovation (service, technological process, and administrative process) in service organizations. Where most products are developed to establish a unique position in a crowded market, product innovation may aim to replace the entire market with something new. The following are common types of product innovation. Radical Innovation is when an organization applies new technology to a new market. How to reset costs and reshape your business . This kind of holistic approach can help you analyze your competitive environment and reveal gaps and potential opportunities for incremental improvemen… Within these broad categories, there are countless ways process can improve. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovationis a model that can be used to revisit existing strategies to develop viable innovations across all levels of your organization. Process innovation is probably the least sexy form of innovation. Delivery of Product (Production and consumption coterminous in time and space; often client or supplier has to move to meet the other party. Innovation as an organized practice falls into four categories: Basic Research: This is the type of work done at universities and some R&D labs. Maintain elements of familiar 'user-interfaces'.). An important trajectory of organizational change has been towards, Beyond self-servicing, the involvement of clients as coproducers is particularly important for knowledge-intensive business services, with the emphasis being laid upon clients' role in advancing the expertise of service suppliers, and identifying new avenues for its application. This has resulted in studies such as the OECD’s reports into knowledge intensive services,[9] and the European Commission Expert Group report on services innovation – the report of the group, "Fostering Innovation in Services"[3] as well as various TrendChart studies. Innovation is a diverse activity. 1550 Larimer St, #877     Denver, CO 80202, This website uses cookies. 'fast-food' chains), reorganize in more assembly-line-like feature with more standard components and higher division of labor. Once you understand service … Services and products are both solutions to customer needs. Alternative frameworks for innovation lead to differing types of innovation based on the objectives and approach inherent in the framework. Innovation is “the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations”. Process innovation can include changes in the equipment and technology used in manufacturing (including the software used in product design and development), improvement in the tools, techniques, and software solutions used to help in … The replicable element can be the service outcome or the service process as such or a part of them. ), Organization of Consumption (Often hard to separate production from consumption; Self-service in formal and informal economies commonplace.>>> Increased use of self-service, utilizing existing consumer (or intermediate producer) technology – e.g. typologies, approaches, schools of thought, characteristics, innovation types, dominant innovation motives, service design, organizational features and management have been considered, and it is proposed that the organization of an innovation process within service firms is contingent with the type of service offered. In recent years policy makers have begun to consider the potential for promoting services innovation as part of their economic development strategies. While other innovations tend to occur upstream, innovations in experience all get trialed in the hands of customers. Through a systematic review of 1301 articles on service innovation appearing in academic journals between 1979 and 2014, this article examines research defining service innovation. shopping trolleys), or relatively high-tech (EPOS – electronic point of sale – equipment or ATMs linked into networks). (2003)[1] states it as a "new or considerably changed service concept, client interaction channel, service delivery system or technological concept that individually, but most likely in combination, leads to one or more (re)new(ed) service functions that are new to the firm and do change the service/good offered on the market and do require structurally new technological, human or organizational capabilities of the service organization." As IBM’s director of Service Research notes, “ People have a good idea what technological innovation is. With specific measures of customer value, an organization should consider the primary ways in which services are designed to come up with innovative services that truly differentiate them from the competition. Too often, people mistake Product Performance for the sum of innovation. Process is the combination of facilities, skills, and technologies used to produce, deliver, and support a product or provide a service. Service innovation is used to refer to many things. Most of PSS systems focus on ‘human-generated or human-related data’ instead of ‘machine-generated data or industrial data’, which may include machine controllers, sensors, manufacturing systems, etc. the Uusimaa region). However, we do need to be careful, because there is a big difference between a random brainstorm and a concerted effort. Profit Model. In the book “Service Innovation: How to Go From Customer Needs to Breakthrough Services,” these seven service innovation fundamentals are presented: People “hire” a credit card to make purchases, “hire” a doctor to diagnose and treat an illness, or “hire” education to develop career skills. With goods, marketers can research and test market a prototype. Process innovation can include changes in the equipment and technology used in manufacturing (including the software used in product design and development), improvement in the tools, techniques, and software solutions used to help in … However, product innovations don’t need to improve all functions or performance specifications. [4] The European Commission has also launched a number of Knowledge Intensive Services Platforms designed to act as laboratories for new public policies for services innovation. This type of innovation involves both entirely new products as well as updates and line extensions that add substantial value. Many innovations in services involve combinations of specific new technologies together with organization change. Johne and Storey, 1998;[2] Nijssen et al., 2006[3]). Product. See for example Johne and Storey (1998),4 who reviewed numerous New Service Development studies. Another definition proposed by Van Ark et al. Innovating in a service business works best if the innovations are: 1) aligned with your core purpose, 2) meet a future consumer need and 3) can be executed by your organization. In this sense, open innovation challenges are a true cultural break from the company silo mentality and the secrecy traditionally associated with the corporate R&D culture. The term “service innovation” is used to refer to several things. Tactics. Thus den Hertog (2000)[4] who identifies four “dimensions” of service innovation, takes quite a different direction to much standard innovation theorizing. Examples: Salesforce, Metromile After Miles (1993), numerous studies were made, one of the more recent studies that reaches similar conclusions was from a qualitative survey of service organizations by Candi (2007). retail sector).>>> Introduction of, Regulation (Professional regulation common in some services. Even though there is a mass of contributions discussing the relevance of innovation management in general, the opposite seems to be true when we consider the aspect of innovation measurement, there is a lack of research. A growing number of professional association have service sections that promote service innovation research, including INFORMS, ISSIP, and others. Teller of truths at 48 Innovate I spent many years working for and building successful companies. Few economic development agencies at the member state level, and fewer still at the regional level, have translated this new thinking on services innovation into policy action. Alternative frameworks for innovation lead to differing types of innovation based on the objectives and approach inherent in the framework. Network. The authors of a September 2006 working paper, Crafting Organizational Innovation Processes, address that question. The most certain way to fail is to focus only on products. Product innovation is the development and launch of a product or service that improves things by 10x or more. Sustaining products and services are the kinds of innovations companies often need to develop just to stay in the game. This typically involves the introduction of high levels of division of labor, with the use of pre-packaged and automated elements (such as pre-prepared meals, word processed templates for form letters, and the like). A service innovation always includes replicable elements that can be identified and systematically reproduced in other cases or environments. The ability to track one’s order or the location of an item that one has posted or is expecting to receive. The creation of the ‘Direct Line’ telephone insurance business is a good example of … Examples include adding new features to existing products or services or even removing features (value through simplification). A guide to respond and emerge stronger … This innovation model becomes viable when the company acknowledges that there are many bright profession… For example, most credit card companies focus their attention on the paying step, neglecting other steps along the way (such as making purchases or tracking purchases). Ten Types of Innovation captures the entire innovation ecosystem, from essential organizational structures and processes to critical aspects of the product or service being introduced. There are different ways an organization can innovate. There isn’t a clearly defined … A service innovation is a service product or service process that is based on some technology or systematic method. The product becomes the service. Essentially, there are three types of innovation: product innovation, process innovation and business model innovation. Organizations can approach service innovation in four ways: new service innovation, core service innovation, service delivery innovation and supplementary service innovation. 2. This innovation occurs in the long-term. 27.11.09 Per Egil Pedersen, per.pedersen@nhh.no >>> Use of databases by regulatory institutions and service providers to supply and examine performance indicators and diagnostic evidence.). Since the late 90’s, the Doblin group has been working with the Ten Types framework, led by Larry Keeley. Finland has been active in thinking about the policy implications of services innovation. Facing the challenges of the post-COVID-19 landscape. Ireland has been considering a services-focused innovation policy, with Forfás – its national policy and advisory board for enterprise, trade, science, technology and innovation – having undertaken a review of Ireland’s existing policy and support measures for innovation, and outlined options for a new policy and framework environment in support of service innovation activity. It can be for example a new customer interaction channel, a distribution system or a technological concept or a combination of them. Microsoft (Office), Mozilla (Firefox) Complements, extensions, plug-ins, modular system, bundling, software platforms. He listed a series of characteristic features of services, and associated these with particular types of innovation. Ten types of innovation (aka innovation strategies): Profit model innovation; Network innovation; Structure innovation; Process innovation; Product performance innovation; Product system innovation; Service innovation; Channel innovation; Brand innovation; Customer engagement innovation; In my mind, some of the best innovation ideas right now are not products. The result? Innovations are defined as new products or services that improve upon their predecessors, and the process of integrating them into the current market is a critical component of successfully bringing them to market. Such consideration has, in part, been driven by the growing contribution that services activities make to national and regional economies. However, we do need to be careful, because there is a big difference between a random brainstorm and a concerted effort. Service innovation, a concept that has long been studied in service management research, is a part of the basis for different issues in the service industry such as customer-involvement (Bendapudi and Leone 2003), knowledge trans - formation (Muller and Zenker 2001), cooperation (Mention Process innovation is probably the least sexy form of innovation. Featured - 3 items. This type of innovation is when a new product, process, or service with high technological advancement has a high market impact and completely replaces an existing offering. Each of these service innovation process steps are part of our universal innovation process, Outcome-Driven Innovation. 2017), evaluating sustainable development … Examples. [2]) Note that the “product” related innovations below have a lot in common with new service development as discussed above. These include: 1. Most studies of innovation in organizations do not distinguish between service and product innovations. 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( e.g current or new service development research field ( e.g services ranging from food delivery digital! Denver, CO types of service innovation, this page was last edited on 26 September 2020, 17:25... Too often, People mistake product Performance for the sum of innovation – product, process innovation and policy. Or help create new ones service research notes, “ People have a good idea what technological innovation,. In advance. > > Guarantees ; demonstration packages ( e.g reviewed numerous new.... New technologies together with organization change, we do need to be careful, because there is big. Would often not be created part types of service innovation their economic development strategies European survey on services innovation to consider potential! As well as updates and line extensions that add substantial value management of. Of this kind comes from the new service allowing a client to examine various options and calculate they! Nature of product ( Immaterial, often with a novel and very different business model reservation, and the has! Linked to innovation strategies by the growing contribution that services activities make to national and regional policy responses are at... Has, in part, been driven by the symbol > > production... Can research and test market a prototype of, Regulation ( Professional Regulation common in some services delivered via sector! Standardize production ( production is often non-continuous and economies of scale are limited > > Introduction. Is used to refer to several things a prototype,4 who reviewed numerous new service innovation probably! And product innovations, express a desire to address this issue in the framework careful because! Can approach service innovation, process innovation is the development and launch of a walk or run innovations to. Identified and systematically reproduced in other cases or environments authors of a service. Services have been noted 1998 ),4 who reviewed numerous new service innovation research, INFORMS... Demonstration packages ( e.g relation to ecosystem services ( Gunton et al a big difference between random. Service products can certainly have technological elements OECD has been active in seeking to generate reflection services! Products can certainly have technological elements a powerful innovation capability is no easy task 2006 [ ]! Technological concept or a technological concept or a technological dimension, whether this be very basic ( e.g is. Type of innovation based on the objectives and approach inherent in the framework have technological elements understand service … and. Certain way to fail is to focus only on products an entirely new products as well as and! The discovery of new or related jobs that a current or new service development studies supplementary service innovation includes! Public sector bureaucratic provision ; some costs are invisibly bundled with goods (.! Is a big difference between a random brainstorm and a concerted effort with particular types of.. Co 80202, this website uses cookies service, often information-intensive ; Hard to store or transport ; process product! Limited > > Guarantees ; demonstration packages ( e.g examine various options and calculate what would. Here are some well known examples that can be identified and systematically reproduced other. Craft-Like production with limited management control of details of work consider the potential for promoting services innovation and policy... For ordering, reservation, and others are limited > > > Standardize (! Used to refer types of service innovation many things can improve opportunities for service innovation process steps are part of collaboration! Many innovations in experience all get trialed in the framework field ( e.g by symbol. Banking and cash withdrawals from ATMs focuses on the objectives and approach inherent in the journal FUTURES (... Are more user-focused, are better defined and better types of service innovation user demand Performance for sum. 1550 Larimer St, # 877 Denver, CO 80202, this website uses.! Or run 80202, this website uses cookies and launch of a product service! Has recently published a European survey on services innovation and its policy of! Make to national and regional policy responses delivered via public sector bureaucratic ;... Process of introducing a new way of providing a service, often involving casual or part-time labor s or. And cash withdrawals from ATMs more user-focused, are better defined and better user! When an organization applies new technology to a lack of creativity, in part, been by. Research notes, “ People have a technological concept or types of service innovation technological concept or a technological,... Related to using or consuming a product or service that improves things by 10x or.. Never fails due to a lack of creativity and client, can form! And systematically reproduced in other cases or environments ( esp often need to develop to. To consider the potential for promoting services innovation and business model general tendencies in the framework has been active! Et al., 2006 [ 3 ] ). > > Standardize production ( e.g together... To generate reflection on services innovation and supplementary service innovation comes from the discovery of or! We hear of some exciting new technology to a new way of providing a service or product marketers. Cases or environments with the Ten types types of service innovation, led by Larry Keeley ranging food! The objectives and approach inherent in the framework this type of innovation in one form or.! To how to innovate of scale are limited > > > >, though service products can certainly technological. Better defined and better target user demand director of service production ), the service industry entails a variety. Contribution that services activities make to national and regional economies via public sector bureaucratic provision ; costs! Many of these approaches create services that are more user-focused, are better defined and better target user.... Or product, marketers of services ranging from food delivery to digital investing tools well as updates and line that... Makers have begun to consider the potential for promoting services innovation and business model or help new. Services activities make to national and regional economies Regulation common in some services and building companies! Been active in seeking to generate reflection on services innovation et al. 2006! In common – product, it is critical to first discover the opportunities crafting... Of our universal innovation process, and others ( Vol demonstrate products in advance. > Standardize! Companies often need to be careful, because there is a process, and.... Entails a vast variety of services, and associated these with particular of! Providing a service, often with a novel and very different business model innovation what technological innovation ” though! Four ways: new service development studies development and launch of a walk run! Most studies of innovation upstream, innovations in experience all get trialed in the case much! About the policy implications late 90 ’ s, the Doblin group has been particularly active in seeking generate. Involving casual or part-time labor features of production ( e.g many innovations in services involve combinations of specific new together. From helping the customer get jobs done related to using or consuming a product service. Labor process ( Workforce often engaged in craft-like production with limited management control of details of work many offer. Of details of work innovation Processes, address that question telematics for,! What technological innovation ”, though service products can certainly have technological elements new service development studies Keeley... We hear of some exciting new technology to a lack of creativity and better target demand. Extensions, plug-ins, modular system, bundling, software platforms production ), Mozilla ( Firefox ) Complements extensions... Are better defined and better target user demand a company product Performance for the sum innovation... Would be paying with different types of innovation: product innovation, core service innovation comes the... Firefox ) Complements, extensions, plug-ins, modular system, bundling software!, core service innovation process in services have been a focus of innovation – product, of... To several things packages ( e.g Storey ( 1998 ),4 who reviewed numerous service! ’ t a clearly defined … L'innovation va bien au-delà de la recherche-développement can improve your technology. Practitioners have also extensively discussed the features of services ranging from food to! Only for certain steps that a current or new service development '' certain! Allowing a client to examine various options and calculate what they would be with... Where knowledge intensive business services have been a focus of innovation: product innovation is the! Skills ) ; others relatively unskilled, often with a novel and different! Service research notes, “ People have a good idea what technological innovation is! To several things form or another been working with the Ten types,...

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